Diet is the most important component in gastritis therapy.Based on some features of the disease, for example, acidity in the stomach, as well as the presence of erosive, atrophic and other forms, the diet may vary regarding what can and cannot be included in the menu.
If a person has an unbalanced diet, regularly drinks alcohol, smokes and experiences frequent severe stress, then he will definitely develop a pathology such as gastritis.This is a disease that leads to inflammation of the gastric mucosa, causing its integrity to be compromised.As a result, various unpleasant symptoms arise, the main one being acute pain in the upper abdomen.In addition, bloating, belching, nausea and vomiting appear, appetite decreases or disappears altogether, which often leads to weight loss.Stomach gastritis comes in many forms, including those that can be caused by an infectious environment, but in any case, successful treatment requires a healthy diet.You not only need to change your diet, decide what you can and cannot eat, but also change the principles of nutrition itself, making it a regimen with a stable menu for the whole week, dividing the total amount of food into 5-6 meals.During an exacerbation, the diet should be tightened;in addition, there are some nuances if gastritis is characterized by high or low acidity.
What can and what is not allowed for gastritis?
The main difference in the diet will be determined by the level of acidity.Which indicator is determined for a particular patient during diagnosis before therapy.
Increased acidity
With increased acidity, which happens most often, you need to follow three basic principles:
- mechanical.It defines a ban on fried foods;in addition, coarse fiber is not allowed, such as bran bread, rutabaga, radish, and meat scraps.
- chemistry.It states that you should avoid foods that promote the secretion of hydrochloric acid needed for the digestive process, for example, soda, alcohol, and citrus fruits.In addition, thick soups based on meat and fish are prohibited.
- terms.It consists of eating food that has an optimal temperature, which is usually in the range of 16-55 degrees Celsius.If the food is hotter or colder, then with gastritis this causes irritation of the esophagus, which leads to an increase in the period of absorption of food and, thus, an increase in pressure on the stomach.
If the environment in the stomach is characterized as acidic, then low-fat types of fish and meat, fermented milk products, eggs, which can be served as omelets or soft boiled, are suitable for nutrition.In addition, the diet may contain peeled tomatoes, boiled zucchini, potatoes, etc.
Low acidity
Diet for gastritis with reduced acidity includes foods that promote greater release of enzymes that ensure digestion.To do this, it is also important to normalize the procedure for eating food.This must be done slowly;it is important to spend at least half a minute chewing a piece of food, and the eating process should last at least half an hour.Significantly increase the secretion of hydrochloric acid by drinking slightly carbonated mineral water;you need to drink 200 ml of this water every time before eating.Various fruits and vegetables are allowed, which must be eaten immediately after the meal, because snacks are not allowed in the diet.Fruits and vegetables should be chosen lightly, based on the principle of the absence of hard fibers.To further facilitate the digestion process, it is better to peel the fruits first and eat only the pulp.
Low acidity has several benefits compared to high acidity.Small amounts of chocolate products, soups and light soups and river fish, mushrooms and lean meat, including rabbit and beef, are acceptable.Milk derivatives are allowed, but it is better to avoid milk itself.
What is not allowed?
If you have gastritis with any acidity, you should not take:
- baking;
- Chocolate products;
- Fried, spicy food;
- Alcoholic beverages;
- Foods rich in vegetable or animal fat;
- Vinegar.
How to eat during an exacerbation - menu for the week
In case of exacerbation, a compromise should be found and the body receives all the necessary nutrients and microelements, but the diet is neutral and does not irritate the mucous membrane, which is very inflamed.In this situation, digestion needs to be assisted as much as possible so that it happens quickly.To do this, you should try to cut all the food as much as possible, and only use boiling or steaming for cooking.
It is important to make a menu that is not only balanced and soft, but also to strictly adhere to it, eat food at the appointed time every day.The interval between doses should not be more than three hours, otherwise the stomach will be empty and the aggravation will only increase.It cannot be delivered, because it is full of gastric stagnation.At night, you need to eat no later than three to four hours before going to bed.
Surprisingly, during the exacerbation period, it is recommended to spend the first day on an empty stomach.However, the stomach still needs to be filled.To do this, you need to drink a lot of plain water and weakly brewed tea.Any liquid you drink should be warm.Starting from the second day, liquid porridge and mashed potatoes with water are allowed.In addition, boiled eggs and non-thick soups with grated vegetables will be useful.When gastritis worsens, foods rich in fat should be completely excluded from the diet, because the breakdown is very slow.
Menu for this week
mon and wednesday:
- Breakfast oatmeal and compote;
- The second time you can have a steamed cheesecake for breakfast;
- Lunch consists of mashed potatoes, vegetable soup with breadcrumbs, stewed fish, compote;
- Afternoon snack - cookies with light tea;
- Dinner - a side dish of pasta with steamed lean cuts of meat, light tea.
Tues, Thurs, Sat:
- Breakfast consisted of baked apples, cheesecake and compote;
- The second time you need to have breakfast with a glass of jelly;
- You should have lunch with vegetable soup, steamed fish, mineral water instead of gas;
- Afternoon snack is allowed with light tea without sugar with white bread crackers;
- For dinner, cottage cheese casserole and compote.
Friday, Sunday:
- You should have breakfast with boiled eggs for 5-6 minutes, washed down with compote;
- During the second breakfast, eat cheesecake with tea;
- Lunch vegetable stew, grated potato soup, jelly;
- Afternoon snack - a glass of kefir with crackers;
- Dinner should be boiled fish with porridge on water.
Diet No. 1 for gastritis
Diet No. 1 is considered quite strict.However, its use is a necessary step, because the restoration of normal digestion and not irritation of the gastric mucosa is very important in the case of gastritis or if a person has an ulcer.This diet is prescribed after the exacerbation phase of the disease ends.Among cooking methods, only boiling, steaming, and baking can be used.It is very important to reduce the amount of salt used, because its presence has a negative effect on the condition of the internal surface of the stomach;besides, salt slows down the removal of water from the body.
Diet No.1 involves dividing the entire daily diet into five to six small portions.The number of calories taken should not exceed 2000.
Among the main dishes that need to be included in diet No. 1 are:
- Vegetable soup.The vegetable base can be replaced with vermicelli or rice;
- Lean meat and fish without veins and other elements that are difficult to digest;
- Bread products should be eaten overnight, dried, and also in the form of crackers.
In moderation, you can eat fermented milk products, for example, cottage cheese, yogurt, skim milk.
Cannot be eaten during diet No.1:
- rye bread;
- Soups based on mushrooms and meat - you need to give up okroshka, borscht, cabbage soup;
- Smoked products;
- Pickles;
- Fish and other canned foods.
Diet for erosive forms
Gastritis is called erosive when the action of the disease causes gastric erosion, called ulcers.Ulcer is a more serious disease that can lead to very serious consequences, including, for example, peritonitis, when the erosion of the wall gradually leads to a hole through, resulting in the contents of the stomach entering the abdominal cavity.This condition is fraught with death without prompt surgical treatment.
The causes of erosion, along with the effects of Helicobacter Pylori infection, are exposure to overly acidic gastric substances or juices.Therefore, with erosive gastritis, it is very important to eat properly to slow down and reverse the process of ulcer formation.
Here are the principles on which the diet should be based if the patient has erosive gastritis:
- The food taken should minimally irritate the gastric wall and prevent increased acidity;
- You need to eat liquid, warm, pureed food continuously.At the same time, it is necessary to minimize the amount of fat and salt in the diet;
- Rejection of bad habits, spices, soda;
- Vegetables should be cooked using heat treatment;
- The emphasis in food should be on soups and cereals.
Diet and menu if the patient has atrophic gastritis
The atrophic form is quite difficult to diagnose, because there are no symptoms in the early stages of the pathology.Among several signs of the disease, one can note the presence of belching after fried and fatty foods, which smell very unpleasant.In addition, the inevitable companion of atrophic gastritis is a state of general weakness, brittle legs and hair, and skin problems.
Atrophic gastritis imposes serious restrictions on the list of what is possible and what is not.In your diet, you should avoid:
- Black bread products, baked goods;
- Smoked dishes;
- Mushrooms in any form;
- Nuts, nuts;
- Canned food;
- uncooked fruits and vegetables;
- Soda, including mineral water;
- milk.
Like other diets for gastritis, during the atrophic stage, cooking methods such as frying and smoking are strictly prohibited.To bring food to a ready-to-eat state, you can boil, steam or bake
With atrophic gastritis, it is important to eat:
- Soup based on grated vegetables;
- A variety of porridge on the water;
- Boiled meat without fat, chopped very finely;
- Skim milk derivatives;
- Boiled eggs;
- Unleavened white bread, crackers;
- Heat-treated fruits and vegetables;
- Butter;
- For dessert, you can enjoy marmalade, jelly and mousse.